Our man Greg Palast investigates more skullduggery at the polls.
Florida Congresswoman Katherine Harris once called me “twisted.” Well, Kate, after squeezing through the skewed, contorted sewage pipes of the voting system in your district—Florida’s 13th Congressional—I have to agree that I’m a bit bent out of shape—as twisted as the vote-counting system in Sarasota, your home county.
On November 7, 2006, in last year’s midterm elections, 17,846 voters in Sarasota drove to the polls, waited in line, then cast their vote for…nobody. At least that’s what the computers said. That’s one in six voters who—say the official computer printouts—simply did not make a choice in the hottest Congressional race in the nation, the one to pick a replacement for Harris. (She left the job to run for Senate.)
That’s how the Republican Party kept hold of Harris’s seat in Congress, by a dinky 369 votes—not counting those 17,846 “blank” ballots.
And there’s no way to count those votes, is there, Kate? Because, for the first time in Sarasota’s history, all voting was done on touch-screen computers. So it’s physically impossible to check those supposedly blank ballots: They’re floating lost in cyberspace.
Forever.
Funny thing about those 17,846 people who waited in line not to vote: Most of them were Democrats. I’m not guessing about that. The 52 precincts in Sarasota with the highest number of Democratic voters were the 52 precincts with the highest number of lost votes.
Nevertheless, a government panel certified the Sarasota election as fair and free of technical problems. The panel was headed by Governor Jeb Bush.
Night of the Uncounted 3.6 million missing votes
So big deal. One fixed race out of hundreds. Here’s the big deal: The 17,000 “blank” ballots in Sarasota were part of an avalanche of blank ballots cast across the USA.
A little-known fact about that stinky sausage called American democracy: On every Election Day there’s a whole lot of ballots that just aren’t counted. Millions, in fact. In the 2004 race between George W. Bush and John Kerry, a mind-blowing 3,600,080 ballots were cast—and never tallied.
That’s not a figure that dropped from a black helicopter. It comes from the raw data buried at the federal Elections Assistance Commission. They’re still toting up the AWOL ballots from the 2006 mid-terms—and it’s looking like another 3 million ballots just went ffftt!
So big deal. With roughly a hundred million voting nationwide, that’s only 3% or 4%. You expect those kinds of “glitches.” But not everyone’s ballot gets “glitched” the same.
According to a study by the U.S. Civil Rights Commission, the chance your ballot will “spoil” if you’re black is 900% higher than if you’re a white voter. Hispanics are 500% more likely to get “glitched” than whites.
It makes a difference. In last year’s mid-terms, 69% of Hispanic voters chose Democrats, as did 91% of African-Americans. Do the racial arithmetic, and we can calculate that ballots sent to the Bermuda Triangle and other voting games cost the Democrats no less than five Congressional seats in the 2006 midterm elections in Florida, Wyoming, Ohio and New Mexico—where an astonishing 88% of votes uncounted were cast in Hispanic, black and Native-American precincts.
(While uncounted ballots cost Democrats some seats in the House of Representatives in 2006, the “no count” cost them the White House in 2004. George Bush’s supposed “victory” margin over John Kerry in New Mexico that year—just 5,988 votes—was a spit in the bucket compared to the 31,000 uncounted ballots that came, almost exclusively, from heavily Democratic precincts. Bush took Ohio and Iowa as well via suspiciously blank ballots.)
So big deal. That’s history, and the Democrats still took Congress last year. This is the big deal: The Republican Party leadership—aided by a few Democratic quislings—is quietly, systematically, pumping up the no-count machinery for next year’s battle for the White House.
The Uncle Wiggily Strategy for 2008
In the bad old days of Jim Crow segregation, some yahoo politicians stood in the polling station doorways to block voters of color. Now the game is a lot more subtle: a series of obstacles to voting that will shave a few percentage points here and there, which Republicans believe will give them back the Congress and paint the White House a bright GOP red.
It’s a one, two, three combo of monkeying with registration rolls, playing games with the voting machinery and preventing recounts of questionable totals. At each step—registering, voting, counting—there’s a new obstacle, like the old kids game, Uncle Wiggily.
The Registration Obstacle Course
Registering used to be simple. Sign your name on a card and show up to vote. Now, fuggedaboutit. On January 1, 2006, a new law slipped onto the books by the Republican Congress allows secretaries of state, those partisan hacks who run voting in most states, to reject a registration applicant when they can’t verify the voter’s identity and citizenship.
Sounds reasonable, but it’s not—it’s a trick, a con, a cheat. In the run-up to the 2006 election, no less than 1.9 million Americans had their registrations flushed. Why? According to Arizona legislator Russell Pearce, one of the GOP’s pointmen in their block-the-vote drive, these new laws prevent “a massive effort under way to register illegal aliens in the country.”
Really? Holy cow! A conspiracy to flood the voter rolls with the Brown Hordes of Juarez who’ve swum across the Rio Grande just for a chance to vote for Hillary Clinton!
Well, if these nearly 2 million rejected voters are illegals, then bust them, Sheriff Pearce! It should be easy to arrest alien voters—after all, their registrations include their addresses.
What’s going on here is a systematic blockade of the voter rolls, aimed at undoing registration drives among the 7 million Hispanic citizens who are not on voter rolls and other poor folk signed up in campaigns by black churches.
Citizens who produce a passport have no problem registering or voting, but only 23% of Americans have them. Driver’s licenses usually don’t count because they don’t prove citizenship. The Social Security Administration has failed to verify nearly half (46%) of the names sent to Washington because of computer problems—which the Bush team has no intention of fixing.
The Republican Secretary of State of California, for example, threw out 40% of the thousands of registration forms received in early 2006. Los Angeles County officials, in a rare move to protect citizen rights, laboriously hand-checked each voter’s identity, most of them Hispanic, and returned virtually every single rejected voter to the roll. But elsewhere in America it goes like this: Bring in your passport from your ski trip in the Alps, and you vote; bring in your Social Security card, and it’s tough luck, José!
The Blockade King
The Blockade King of 2006 was the madly partisan Secretary of State of Ohio, Kenneth Blackwell. Blackwell, despite lawsuits, refused to say how many registrants he had rejected—or on what grounds. On November 7, 2006, Blackwell’s secretive voter-roll game paid off, saving the Congressional seats of two Republicans—in Columbus and Cincinnati—despite the will of the voters.
Here’s how it worked. Many rejected citizens, believing they were registered, showed up, showed ID—and were turned away. If they bitched, they were allowed to vote on something called a “provisional ballot.” Then, per rules set down by Blackwell, every one of these provisional ballots was thrown out. The provisional ballots tossed were twice the sum of the Republican “victory” margins.
What the hell are these “provisional” ballots, anyway? It used to be that a ballot was a ballot. Then, in 2002, President Bush signed the Help America Vote Act. When George Bush says he’s going to “help” us vote, I get a bit worried. And there was a lot to worry about.
Provisional ballots, for example. They sound like a good idea: If a voter can’t find his name on the rolls, he can still vote, “provisionally,” until his status is checked after the polls close. One problem: The HAVA law says every voter has a right to demand a provisional ballot—but not the right to have that vote count. That’s left up to secretaries of state like Katherine Harris and Kenneth Blackwell.
In 2004 an eye-popping 3 million voters were shunted to provisional ballots—and over 1 million of these were thrown out as it suited these political hacks (see Ohio above). Did it make a difference? In Hamilton County (Cincinnati), where Republicans officially kept a Congressional seat by a dime-thin margin, investigators found that 95% of provisional ballots rejected came from urban, Democratic precincts of Cincinnati, only a smidgen from the white, Republican ’burbs. This suspiciously biased pattern was repeated across the nation.
The nationwide sweep of Democratic candidates may make vote heists a wee bit more difficult for the GOP. In Ohio, maniacally partisan Republican Blackwell—with his secret lists of rejected registrants—will be replaced by a Democrat, Jennifer Brunner. Though in Colorado, a battleground state for 2008, the Republicans kept hold of the Secretary of State’s office by less than 1 percent of a vote marred by a massive and suspect breakdown in the computer voting equipment. But while there are more good-government secretaries of state taking office, they all will work under the whip-hand of the Help America Vote Act. There’s no chance for a Democratic Congress, with its skinny majority, to overturn this measure. The 2008 race bodes to be the most polluted in decades.
The Baghdad Blackout
How did millions of voters get dumped in the “provisional” pile in the first place? After Bush signed HAVA, the GOP began secretly compiling what they called “caging lists”: hundreds of thousands of mainly black new voters to challenge on Election Day. When challenged, the voter got the heave-ho from the polling station or was handed a bogus “provisional” ballot.
Don’t all parties do that: challenge voters en masse? Absolutely not. Democrats stopped that game in 1965 after it became illegal to challenge a racially chosen group of voters.
How do I know about the GOP’s secret lists? I have a bunch. Someone at the Republican National Committee mistakenly sent these to GeorgeWBush.org instead of the party’s Web site for its honchos, GeorgeWBush.com. Uh, oh. The dot-org site was owned by pranksters who gleefully sent the lists on to my investigatory team working for BBC Television.
Turns out the Republicans were sending black soldiers first-class letters marked “Do Not Forward.” When the letters came back, the GOP used these to challenge their registrations or their absentee ballots. Where were the soldiers? Some were in Baghdad, of course.
Go to Baghdad, lose your vote. Mission accomplished, Mr. President.
And the game goes on. In 2006, pimple-faced young Republicans with Blackberries loaded with challenge lists invaded ghetto precincts to target new black voters. In 2008 expect more of these voter “lynchings by laptop.”
Robo-voting and other machine games
In 2000 about 700 voters in Gadsden County, the blackest in Florida, wrote in the name “Al Gore” on their ballots—enough to win Gore the Presidency. However, Kate Harris, then Secretary of State (and co-chair of the Bush campaign), ruled that the voters’ intent was unknown.
By 2006 the Florida GOP would take no chances: They eliminated paper and punch cards that could be recounted. In Sarasota—where the 17,000 votes would go missing—Republican Elections Supervisor Kathy Dent, despite the pleas of experts, installed computer touch-screens—whose tallies can’t be “recounted” and where missing votes remain missing forever in cyberspace. Indeed, when the public presented her with 14,000 signatures to demand paper ballots, Dent made a special presentation to the Sarasota Republican Committee to resist the protesters. She pleaded that the party needed machines that could not be recounted. Why?
I contacted the top independent expert on the iVotronics computers used in Sarasota, Douglas Jones of the University of Iowa, who said the strange differences between the look of the screens in some Democratic precincts versus Republican precincts could be explained partly by “corruption” of the “ballot image file.” That’s a fancy way for saying that the virtual “buttons” on the screen might not line up properly with touch-sensitive electronic targets hidden from view.
You can touch, punch or slam the square for your candidate, but the computer won’t feel it and record it unless you touch the screen, say, a half-inch further to the right. All these computer voting machines have a summary page to allow you to check and confirm your choices. But in Florida there was a second problem—a horribly designed graphic layout, making it difficult to find, let alone correct, any error in the vote in the congressional race.
Funny thing about these errors—they tended to work very much in favor of the Republican candidates. Sarasota’s Republican voting officials were notified of this design problem before Election Day.
Nonpartisan Florida elections supervisor Ion Sancho of Leon County (Tallahassee) told me, “If you’re going to have a ‘glitch’ bend an election, this is one way you could do it,” i.e. without getting caught deliberately finagling the results. The misalignment of virtual buttons and layout errors are far more subtle than the much-feared software tampering used to change Democratic votes to Republican. These seeming glitches merely shave votes, are often difficult to detect and it’s impossible to prove such file “corruption” was deliberate.
For some reason, computers prefer Republicans. The iVotronics touch-screens used in Florida are made by a company founded by Republican Senator Chuck Hagel—which cashed in big-time when Bush’s HAVA law set aside billions of dollars to change elections from paper ballots to paperless computers.
Obviously, the GOP finds robots do a better job of picking candidates than voters.
Greg Palast is the “twisted” author of the New York Times bestseller Armed Madhouse: How the Bush Posse Stole Your Vote, Shoplifted Iraq, and Seized Your Wallet. This article is based on the soon-to-be-published new edition.